Walter, Binyelu Walter and Iloputaife, Jalumchimike

• access_time10 August, 2024

  subjectCategory: Biological Sciences

• Foot ulcers are common among diabetic patients and can lead to severe bacterial infection. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Andrographis paniculata root extracts on clinical pathogens isolated from foot ulcers of diabetic patients. A total of 5 typed strains comprising of Acinetobacter johnsonii strain JUQ303 Pseudomonas rhodesiae strain YHBT5, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 2, Alcaligenes faecalis strain N148 and Alcaligenes faecalis strain 3 were isolated from patients attending clinics at the National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu. Roots of Andrographis paniculata were obtained from a local garden in Anaocha local government area of Anambra State. They were pulverized and extracted using ethanol, acetone and water solvents. These crude extracts were reconstituted using 5ml of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and1.56mg/ml. The isolates were screened for sensitivity to the plant extracts using agar well diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolates was analyzed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The aqueous extract showed highest zone of inhibition of 12mm on Acinetobacter johnsonii, 11mm on Psedomonasrhodesiae, 10mm on Alcaigenes faecalis strain 2, 9mm on Alcaligenes faecalis strain N148 and 7mm on Alcaligenes faecalis strain 3, respectively at the concentration of 200mg/ml. At lower concentrations of 12.5mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml, 3.125mg/ml and 1.56mg/ml, the aqueous extracts showed no inhibition on tested isolates. The MIC of the ethanol root extract of Andrographis paniculata were recorded at 12.5mg/ml,25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml on Acinetobacter johnsonii strain JUQ303, Pseudomonas rhodesiae strain YHBT5, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 2, Alcaligenes faecalis strain N148 and Alcaligenes faecalis strain 3, respectively. The MIC of the acetone root extract were recorded at 25mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 100mg/ml on Acinetobacter johnsonii, Psedomonasrhodesiae, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 2,Alcaligenesfaecalis strain, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 3 respectively while the MIC of the aqueous root extract were recorded at100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml Acinetobacter johnsonii, Psedomonasrhodesiae, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 2, Alcaligenes faecalis strain, Alcaligenes faecalis strain 3 respectively. The aqueous extract showed no bactericidal effect on tested isolates. From the study, ethanol extract of A. paniculataroots showed the highest antibacterial potency on clinical pathogens isolated from diabetic foot ulcers than the acetone and aqueous extracts. Andrographis paniculata plant is easily accessible, potent, economical and safe to man, therefore, this study encourages the use of plant extracts in the treatment of human diseases caused by these pathogens.
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